Emirates Airline Company HRM Process

HRM involves molding and coordinating the human person in an organization towards achieving the strategic business objectives of the organization. HRM has a process that includes recruitment, interview and selection, orientation and training techniques, performance appraisal, and employees’ compensation (â€Å"Processes in Human Resource Management†).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Emirates Airline Company HRM Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay will analyze the Emirates Airline under the above processes of HRM. The HRM at the Fly Emirates is under the Emirates Group Human Resource department. This Group deals with the affairs of all employees in the organization. The Group has been balancing the interests of the company and the employees through effective relations. Recruitment is a process where an organization identifies that it needs to employ an individual who is up to the task using relevant application forms. Recruitment can be either internal or external. In internal recruitment, a company considers its employees for the vacancy while external recruitment involves considering the public in the recruitment process. Currently, the Fly Emirates requires Cabin Crews; the applications for these posts are still open. Cabin Crews are entitled to a tax-free salary, free accommodation and open for career development. Some of the requirements for consideration include 21 years and above; arms reach of a minimum length of 212cms, high school education, medically fit and positive attitude towards dealing with people from diverse backgrounds (â€Å"Human Resources†).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The management expects the Cabin Crews to offer excellent customer service to travelers throughout the flight. They can handle emergencies and e nsure that the passengers are comfortable. Also, they serve meals, sell items, assist passengers in boarding planes, and demonstrate safety procedures to the passengers. The recruitment team at the Emirates Group targets absorbing qualified and committed professionals through an agency or in-house recruitment process. It guides managers in using the assessment tools and decision-making during the recruitment process. This assists in aligning the Group HR policies and practices into the recruits from the entire globe. The recruitment team at the Fly Emirates offers solutions that support the growth of the company thereby facilitating achievement of objectives. The next job at the Emirates Airline is Employee Assistant Specialist. The job requires the holder to provide advisory and counseling services to the staff at Emirates Group and their family members. In supporting any eventuality, the management expects the jobholder to be on call 24/7 except on weekends and public holidays, bu t he/she must coordinate with other Employee Assistance Professional Counselors. The job holder also provides bereavement support to family members in case of the demise of their colleague (â€Å"Human Resources†). On the qualifications and experience, the person should be a graduate preferably from social work, counseling, psychology, or nursing field.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Emirates Airline Company HRM Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the jobholder should be a Certified Employee Assistance Professional (CEAP) as it meets the international levels of offering employee support and continued interest in development in the social work or mental line. Proficiency in Microsoft Office applications and fluency in both written and spoken English is necessary. On remunerations, the salary is tax-free and is accompanied by free airline travels. There is also the H.R. Specialist Busin ess Support – International who is required to monitor HR Recruitment Services across the Emirates network. The recruitment process at the Emirates Airline follows a well-designed procedure, where job seekers apply online. The Emirates Group website displays lists of active job vacancies and an application form. When one completes this form, the forms go to the line managers and the recruitment team; they go through the applications to get the best candidate. In the selection process, an applicant can receive a notification showing that he/she has been shortlisted. At this point, he/she travels to Dubai for a physical interview. Then, there is the post-selection process where successful applicants receive emails and phone calls advising them on the next course of action. At the same time, unsuccessful applicants receive letters that inform them of the outcomes.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, the Human Resources Employee Services (HRES) contacts the candidate and guides him/her on how to handle the employment contract and other relevant documents. At this point, the recruitment process at the Emirates Group ends. The above recruitment process shows how the team conducts its interviews to choose the best candidate that matches the job requirements. Therefore, the selection is a process of deciding the best candidate among the many applicants. The selection process assists firms to absorb competent and top quality employees thereby realizing continuous growth (â€Å"Human Resources†). An excellent selection process involves conducting a reference check at the end; this reminds the panel of the skills and qualities that a candidate ought to possess. The selection panel helps in developing various selection criteria, preparing interview questions, and providing inputs on the final selection. These panels, therefore, help in choosing extremely competent candida tes who can deliver on the goals of an organization. Markedly, interviews create an interactive environment that assists the employer in assessing the applicant about the job and even know more about the applicant. This process also offers the applicant the opportunity to understand the jobs in details. Therefore, interviews are key tools that require inclusion in other assessment and selection processes. On the orientation and training techniques, the employees at the Emirates Airline receive the finest training courses that are recognized internationally as degrees. These courses are organized in two dimensions, online learning and classroom based. Other diploma courses use a combination of the dimensions. All employees must attend courses after a given period to enhance their skills and knowledge of what the company expects of them. First aid training remains a mandatory course for all the employees so that they can handle emergency cases. Training is a process that imparts skill s and knowledge into jobholders to assist a firm meet or surpass its objectives. Emirates Airline has an aviation college where the employees are exposed to learning on the job. Training can alter the behaviors of employees on the job to focus on service delivery. Since the Emirates Group recognizes the importance of self-development and knowledge base, it has instituted high caliber training programs that all employees can access (â€Å"Human Resources†). There is also a network of Learning Resource Centres (LRC), which provides serene environments for studying, as they are always far from the busy workplaces. The orientation of the Emirates group encourages learning among its stakeholders. The leadership arrangement from the C.E.O. to the lowest level employees reveals an organization that is out to provide excellent services. The other job at Emirates Airlines is the National Cadet Pilot. Some of the requirements under this job include a good command of spoken English, age bracket between 17 and 29 years, a valid UAE passport and a family book, and medical fitness (â€Å"Human Resources†). The pilots are entitled to benefits such as salary that commences from the time of training to pass out time, which is after three to four years. Their training receives full funding from the Emirates Airline; they are also accorded comprehensive medical insurance and construction loans that attract no interests. During their recruitment time, one goes through psychomotor and psychometric tests, a TOEFL test, personal interview, and initial and comprehensive medical examination. The training process of a Cadet Pilot is divided into three phases. The first phase is the foundation program, which occurs at the Emirates Training College in Dubai. Secondly, there is the flight-training program that occurs in Spain for 18 months. Upon completion, one is given a course completion certificate. This phase also encompasses close to 223 hours of experience with a fligh t. The last phase involves readiness to fly large jets, and it takes place in Dubai. After the training, the Airline and Agency conduct continuous training to keep the pilots updated on new features that affect the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. Performance appraisal and managing performances are critical management responsibilities and a vital part of the organization’s strategic management process. Performance management promotes the organizational and employee behavior and performance required to improve bottom-line results (Stone 73). Performance appraisal is a key part of an organization’s performance management system. The companies do not link their business strategic objectives with the individual employee performance criteria. The objective of the HR at the Emirates Airline is to get the top performer to receive higher rewards, and lesser performers receive lower rewards is essential for encouraging performance oriented behavior and organi zation culture (Nankervis and Compton 91). Nevertheless, appraisal of employee performance remains a critical and ongoing management activity. At the Emirates Airline, employees are evaluated on the level of their understanding and job delivery at random periods. The HR systems analyze the outputs of all employees and compare them with normal targets. Notably, employees who meet or surpass their goals are recognized during the end of the financial year. They can be promoted to high positions or be given incentives in terms of additional salaries. There is also the HR Remuneration and Planning department that develop compensation, policies, and benefits that employees can get. It helps the company in attracting and maintaining highly qualified personnel thereby enabling Emirates Airline to remain competitive in the dynamic market. This policy is Employment compensation; it refers to the pre-tax wages paid to employees for work completed during an accounting period (â€Å"Employee Re muneration† par. 4). The HR ensures that it presents an effective total labor cost to the Emirates Airline employer and pays from the gross revenue. At the Emirates Airline, employees become entitled to this compensation concerning the work they do in a relevant accounting period. The Emirates Airline pays its employees in advance or simultaneously since it contrasts with other inputs of production valued at the point when they compensate the employees. For statistical reasons, the Emirates Airline comes into an informal or formal agreement with its employees on the enterprise done by an individual employee and then agrees voluntarily that the employee works and pay cash in return. For social reasons, HR ensures that the Emirates Airline considers employees compensation as a component of the value or the factor income. The HR argues that the net output value is equivalent to the factor income it generates; therefore, it can lead to either inclusion or exclusion of other types of remunerations that the Emirates Airline employees receive. Works Cited Employee Remuneration. Management Study Guide – Free Training Guide for Students and Entrepreneurs. managementstudyguide.com, n.d. Web. Human Resources. The Emirates Group Career Centre. The Emirates Group, n.d. Web. Nankervis, Alan R., and Robert-Leigh Compton. â€Å"Performance management: Theory in practice?.† Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 44.1 (2006): 83-101. Print. Processes in Human Resource Management. Management Study Guide – Free Training Guide for Students and Entrepreneurs. managementstudyguide.com, n.d. Web. Stone, Raymond J. Human Resource Management. 7th ed. Brisbane: John Wiley, 2011. Print. This assessment on Emirates Airline Company HRM Process was written and submitted by user Wilson Suarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Exemption Of Grades

Exemption of Grades: Taking away grades at a college or university level will do nothing but hurt the students. Grades are the measurement of the student’s academic performance. Most students who have a high grade point average do not want to be put on the same pass/ fail grading system with students who have a lower G.P.A. Many students with a high G.P.A. take pride in their work and constantly are doing work to keep it that way. There is not a good way to look at taking away grades from students besides for the students who do not try in school. Grades are a way for the colleges and universities to measure the progress over the years. Transcripts from transfer students would all have to be looked at equally besides their sports, and activities. On the pass/fail transcript students who work and have no activities with a 3.6 G.P.A. looks worse then students who have a 2.4 G.P.A. that is in the environmental club. Grades are also a great motivation tactic. Many students would not put a lot of effort into school if they knew that they could pass a course by doing the minimum. The courses at Richard Stockton College of New Jersey that are pass/ fail are looked at by the students to be easier. In the classes most students generally do not learn as much from the lack of motivation. The reason classes are attended, homework is completed, and tests are studied for is to receive good grades. The grading system forces students to excel and makes the students care what grades they get at the end of the semester. Many students have to keep a certain G.P.A. for a certain job or to go to graduate school. Employers will also have trouble hiring employees from a pile of transcripts that only says if a student passed or failed. Most employers look at the students’ academic level as a reference to how much the students know. On many students transcripts over the years there shows an improvement or is steady in grades. If the students G... Free Essays on Exemption Of Grades Free Essays on Exemption Of Grades Exemption of Grades: Taking away grades at a college or university level will do nothing but hurt the students. Grades are the measurement of the student’s academic performance. Most students who have a high grade point average do not want to be put on the same pass/ fail grading system with students who have a lower G.P.A. Many students with a high G.P.A. take pride in their work and constantly are doing work to keep it that way. There is not a good way to look at taking away grades from students besides for the students who do not try in school. Grades are a way for the colleges and universities to measure the progress over the years. Transcripts from transfer students would all have to be looked at equally besides their sports, and activities. On the pass/fail transcript students who work and have no activities with a 3.6 G.P.A. looks worse then students who have a 2.4 G.P.A. that is in the environmental club. Grades are also a great motivation tactic. Many students would not put a lot of effort into school if they knew that they could pass a course by doing the minimum. The courses at Richard Stockton College of New Jersey that are pass/ fail are looked at by the students to be easier. In the classes most students generally do not learn as much from the lack of motivation. The reason classes are attended, homework is completed, and tests are studied for is to receive good grades. The grading system forces students to excel and makes the students care what grades they get at the end of the semester. Many students have to keep a certain G.P.A. for a certain job or to go to graduate school. Employers will also have trouble hiring employees from a pile of transcripts that only says if a student passed or failed. Most employers look at the students’ academic level as a reference to how much the students know. On many students transcripts over the years there shows an improvement or is steady in grades. If the students G...

TOWS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TOWS - Research Paper Example The company is listed in LSE and in FTSE 100 index. It has also got second listing in NASDAQ. Internal Strengths The company works with 354 companies of Fortune Global 500; 28 companies of Dow Jones 30, 60 companies from NASDAQ 100 and 33 companies of Fortune 50. Therefore, the international client portfolio of the company comprise of several world renowned companies. The customer centric high quality of the service offered by WPP also adds to its inner strength. Internal Weaknesses The recession phase of 2008-2009 had a negative influence on the operation of WPP. This resulted in poor revenue and constantly shrinking profitability. In 2007, the profit for the year was $1,037.2 million that declined in 2008 by $ 934.2 million and finally it reached $ 819.9 million in 2009. Again, the company’s clients are mainly from the developed nation (US and UK). This results in too much dependency on the developed nations from west. This low degree of diversification enhances business ris k of WPP. External Opportunities Considering the economic growth in the developing markets, the company has an opportunity to diversify its client base and enter in these emerging nations. China is the world’s fastest growing followed by India (BBC NEWS, â€Å"Overview†). Therefore, the Asian nations are developing at a faster rate. The companies in these nations are trying to compete with international revivals and thus WPP can offer them the required expertise knowledge and guidance. As the US economic condition is reviving, the companies are in the process to expand their marketing budget. This will result in more business prospective for WPP. External Threats In the last decade, the companies have realised importance of integrated marketing communication to attract and retain their customer base. As a result they are ready to pay high fees to the ad agencies. This made the marketing communication service sector one of the attractive industries for the new entrants and the degree of competition in this sector has grown a lot (Neff, p.2). This growing competition is a major threat for WPP. Apart from the growing competition, there is risk of double-dip recession in Euro zone (Hannon, â€Å"UN Sees Risk Of Double-Dip Recession As Europe Pursues Austerity†). This disturbs the economic recovery rate in Euro Zone and considering the fear of financial crisis, companies are hesitating to invest in marketing related activities. SO box The high economic growth in emerging market that is resulting in growing demand for international marketing communication as well as the customer centric service offered by WPP reflects healthy sigh of growth for the company in near future. Considering these internal strength of the company and the external opportunity, it can be said that the company has a sound growth prospect in these emerging markets. WO box Though the global market condition is improving but WPP’s poor financial performance can deterio rate its image as a market leader in global marketing communication industry. The company may face problem in raising fresh capital to expand its business in near future because the creditors may doubt about WPP’s ability to repay the loan. This may hamper the growth prospects of the company. ST box The customer based high quality communication service is one of the major strength of the company. This should be effectively used to face the threat from growing competiti

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Marketing Research - Essay Example The company believes that people’s concern of over quality and health have contributed to the success of the company. Consumers are drawn to Kudler’s no-preservatives baked goods as well to its old world style of baking process. In addition to this, the meat and seafood from certified organic producers met the exacting demands of the discerning customers ; thus, it is common sighting in Kudler’s to see the crà ¨me of the society selecting prime cuts during weekends. The herbs and spices are much sought after by local chefs and the wide variety of tropical fruits are mostly patronized by the health conscious customers. The cheese and dairy section were given a boost by the cheese sampling done every Saturday as well as the wine appreciation classes that sparked the interest of the common public. Nevertheless, Kudler also reaches out to the public through its reasonable prices so that everyone would appreciate gourmet food. Indeed, Kudler Fine Foods has gone a lon g way in its market development. However, the importance of marketing research cannot be undermined as there are many new entrants into this market segment. In addition to this, the fast-growing operations must be consistent in providing excellent service to its existing and potential customers. Kudler must not rest on its laurels; instead, it must develop a strong market research that would lead it to greater success through a larger market base. The main thrust of this paper is to confirm the importance of market research which can benefit the growth and maturity of Kudler Fine Foods. A sound market research would definitely do wonders by giving insight on domains or segments that can be tapped to develop. A good market profiling of customers both existing and potential could lead to sound tactical campaigns. Competitive intelligence and market analysis would provide the owners a clear picture of the whole gourmet store market which would correctly

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 47

Journal - Essay Example Nevertheless, it uses captivating pictures that captures the attention of the reader. These pictures show how the protestors are prepared and determined to remain on the streets no matter what happens and regardless of how long it takes to achieve their agenda. The reporters show bias because they seem to sympathize with the pro-democracy demonstrators and condemn the Chinese government for taking a hard stand on the decision not to allow democracy in Hong Kong. This story is timely because of the ongoing demonstrations. The authors use quotes from prominent officials, which gives the story credibility and reliability. Moreover, the reporters gives a background to the issue of Hong Kong demonstrations, and this helps people who have not been following current events understand the context of the story. Finally, the target audience are the Chinese government and world leaders who can bring intervention to help sort out the issue between Hong Kong and Beijing. For the government of China, it aims to show them how resilient the protestors have become, and they are not willing to give up anytime

Organismic Valuing Process

Organismic Valuing Process One of the most prominent concepts within psychoanalytic therapy is that of transference, as developed by Freud (1912), it is a process whereby the client unconsciously redirects their feelings and attitudes about a person in their past on to the therapist. Freud (1912) understood that these feelings can come in two forms either by the means of positive transferences, in which the therapist is seen in a very positive light or through negative transferences where hostile feelings are portrayed onto the therapist. Freud put much of his emphasis on positive transferences suggesting that it is this transference which is helpful in forming the basis for a useful working alliance, thus signifying that the therapist who is viewed in the most positive light has much more power to cure there client. (Falchi,2009) Freud viewed transference as a defence mechanism he called repetition compulsion, he believed that people will repeat past events or behaviour which was distressing in earlier life i n the here and now, this he believed was how transference is so critical to understanding the repetition compulsion. It is inevitable that developments within psychoanalytic theory have lead to alterations in the meaning and usage of the term transference. Melanie Klein (1952) diverged from Freud and introduced her own psychoanalytic technique, in which she enriched and expanded upon the concept of transference, postulating that the presence of transference within the therapy room was representative of the fears, feelings, and fantasies, associated with former experiences which are reconstructed for the present relationship. (Daniels 2003) Furthermore Klein (1952) proposed that these feelings and attitudes where not necessarily an accurate representation of previous relationships, but only the mixture of actual experiences and unconscious phantasys which the client holds in there inner world, which are constantly processed via projection, re-introjections, and re-projection. For example the father that the person views in there inner world may be very different from the actual father of there past. Transference is now viewed as a process which manifests itself in all relationships whether it be therapeutic, personal or professional, unresolved past issues are defended from reaching consciousness by the process of transference as these feelings are projected into current relationships. The process of transference has been criticised by those such as Jones (2003) as lacking empirical validation and verifiability, nonetheless analysis of the Transference is still viewed as being a fundamental and potent aspect psychoanalytic therapy, which allows the client to experience and express in a very vivid way those unresolved feelings, thoughts and object relations which may have been deeply repressed, by exploring the clients typical interactions using a here and now approach to patient therapy. It allows the therapist into the clients inner world in order to gather understanding of there unconscious processes. Through acknowledging and implementing the process of transference it allows analysts to support there patients in understanding how past events may have shaped there current world as well as disconnecting from issues in their past in order to accept their past as part of their identity without it overshadowing their life and creating problems in the unconscious. As emphasised by Klein (1952), the process of transference is a fundamental aspect within psychoanalytic therapy, because of what it reveals about the clients internal-object world as well as providing opportunities for therapeutic modifications bu modifying the harshness of internalized objects and inner persecutors.. For instance, the client may experience the analyst as the bad object of their past. In such a case it is important that new modes of interpersonal relating are learned, via the analysts ability to provide the client with the necessary counterbalance to the bad objects during the transference, in these conditions early anxieties can be alleviated so therapeutic change can occur. (Daniels, 2003) Providing the correct environment is established, the process of transference can become a very useful analytical tool. For instance, in situations where a child has been neglected or even severely abused by their parents, providing a safe setting for this individual may allow them to project their negative feelings towards their parents onto the therapist. By the therapist being neither abusive nor neglectful in response to the client, and instead providing the client with a stable and accepting relationship in which they are viewed very importantly, it allows the client to come to terms with and express there true feelings towards their parents, which were far to dangerous to articulate in there previous setting. Once these have been expressed the patient is likely to feel much more relieved. It is clear that the concept of transference have significantly contributed to the process of psychoanalysis, if a strong transference relationship is produced which is safe for exploration, then transference becomes an essential analytical tool to discovering the unconscious. Outline Melanie Kleins concept of the paranoid schizoid and depressive position in infant psychic development. To what extent does Kleins theory differ from that of Freud? Psychoanalytic theory has been constantly developed since the times of Freud, One key psychoanalyst who diverged away from Freud was Melanie Klein. (1965). by focusing on human relationships as the principal motivational force in life she deviated from the traditional psychoanalytic focus on pleasure seeking behaviour and aggression as the key drives to successful development. Klein (1952) postulated that it is the development during the very primitive months and years of life which is vital in providing the foundation for the character which will continue throughout. Furthermore Klein (1946) proposes that the earliest stage of infantile psychic development is comprised of the successful completion of two distinctive developmental positions, the paranoid-schizoid and the depressive positions. The paranoid schizoid position was postulated by Klein (1946) as occurring at the earliest phase of development. Klein believed at this primitive stage in development, objects can only be perceived as being all good or all bad, which she believed to be a defence mechanism, known as splitting. It is understood that this mechanism is implemented as a part of the infants inherited predisposition to reduce and to cope with any anxiety that they experience, due to the unpredictable nature of the world around them. Klein focused very much on the mothers breast when introducing the idea of splitting. She suggested that at this stage in development the breast can only be seen as two separate objects wither all good or all bad for the infant. Thus the breast can be introjected into the babies world in two ways either as satisfying its immediate needs this would be viewed as the good breast on the other hand the child is also likely to introject breast as being a bad object if it has an unsati sfying feed. The child can not understand that the breast belongs to a whole object and is not separate. If the ego is developed sufficiently then over time good and bad can be integrated by the infant and ambivalence and conflict can be tolerated. This is a sign of the development into the depressive position. This is the stage where the infant begins to recognise that it is not omnipotent and that the mother is a whole object. As the child realises that it is possible to tolerate ambivalence and thus to recognize whole objects that contain both good and bad aspects, it begins to feel depressed in that there is no longer any all good objects but it also feels guilt about the fantasies of destroying the bad object which they now realise is not separate. The depressive position is never fully resolved, and psychological life is a continuing pursuit of compensation for the harm done. Klein is renowned for her divergence from the traditional psychoanalytic ideas introduced by Freud. One of the main differences is apparent when exploring views on development within the first year of life, especially the development of the ego and the superego. Klein differed from Freud in this respect; she did agree that the psychic contained the ID, ego and the superego. However she argued that all components can to some degree be noted from birth suggesting that the superego is in operation much before the end of the Oedipus complex rather than following it as suggested by Freud (1923). Klein also saw the superego as being quite harsh and cruel within the paranoid schizoid position of development before developing into a more forgiving and helpful one in the depressive position. Freud was highly criticised by Jung as well as other psychoanalysts for his huge emphasis on pleasure and sexual drives in the development of infants this is where Klein diverged from Freuds ideas that humans as purely pleasure seeking individuals and instead focuses on, relationships as central to what it is to be human, as well as key to psychotherapy, especially the relationship with the therapist. Klein seems to shift the focus from biologically predetermined stages of development and instead introduces the role that early phantasys play in the formation of interpersonal relations and the understanding of the world. In Kleins usage, unconscious phantasys underlie all thought and activity, whether that is creative or destructive, phantasys are vital to the expression of internal object relations in the analytic situation. Although Freud did recognize the existence of phantasys within development he did not see them as key to development tending to focus much of his attention inste ad on the unconscious. Describe Rogerss concept of the Organismic Valuing Process (OVP). Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this aspect of Person Centred theory. One of the fundamental concepts within humanistic psychology is that of the organismic valuing process (OVP). Rogers (1952) refers to this as the innate tendency to automatically select, pursue and seek those situations which fit into our inherent aspirations, in order to lead a fulfilling life. It is a subconscious and biologically driven process which guides people in evaluating new experiences to maintain or enhance their growth potential and eventually reach actualization. In order for this to be achieved it is important that their values are not fixed, but instead experiences are evaluated in terms of the satisfactions which are innately experienced this process is called the organismic valuing process. From birth, children innately respond to their sensory experiences, they will repeat and value those experiences which generate good feelings for them. However it seems as though it is at this stage where difficulties and incongruences are likely to develop. It is very common at this stage, that judgemental and critical messages can be portrayed towards the infant, this is usually through there parents attempt to implement rules of behaviour, consequently this leads to feelings of incongruence between what the infant is experiencing as good, their organismic valuing process, and how this is viewed by others., This can lead to the child internalising the values and beliefs portrayed by others, a process called conditions of worth, this will shape an individual into someone who is cut off from their own sense of worth and value this can become a vicious cycle as they begin to behave in ways which they feel is expected of them and not to there true organismic feelings, this is believed to prevent all personal growth for the individual. As the individual grows older this valuing process is essential if they are to achieve self actualization, under favourable circumstances it allows the development of an optimum self-esteem and an accurate sense of who the person really is as well as who they would ideally like to become. This gives the individual clear goals which they can work towards in order to reach self actualization. It is inevitably that life is never this simple and everyone faces high demands and responsibilities within there everyday life which can alter what they choose to do, as they feel responsibility for certain jobs and situation which can shift the person away from their organismic valuing process. At first glance the idea of an organismic valuing process, where individuals can rely freely on the evidence of their own senses to make value judgments, seems to be a very appealing and positive outlook. However it is also viewed by those such as Cofer Appley (1964) as a very naÃÆ' ¯ve and overly optimistic interpretation of human nature. It is very questionable that all humans have an innate drive to do good. A lot of criticism towards Rogers approach has centered around its failure to provide insight into the evil side of human nature such as criminals and violent people who do not seem to be functioning in this innately positive way, On the other hand it has been suggested by those such as Myers (2000) that there may in fact be such a skill as an organismic valuing process, when analysing self reports on peoples views of their lives, most people reported feeling happy and very satisfied with their lives, this research suggests that although it may seem, overly optimistic to t hink that people strive for good it also seems as though people are very good at reaching and striving towards a stage where they are very satisfied with there lives. A further criticism of the organismic value processing is that there is inadequate empirical research to support its premises. It is very difficult to define and measure such a subjective concept scientifically, therefore the concept lacks empirical evidence, therefore the theory has to be criticized for not providing substantial evidence for its assumptions. Although it is heavily criticized for its lack of empirical evidence there have been attempts to investigate the organismic valuing process such as by Sheldon et al (2003) by investigating the way in which people change their goal choices over time, to investigate if people tend to change their goals, they found that people tend to move away from those goals which are extrinsic in nature and move towards intrinsic goals suggesting that there is such a thing as OVP. They concluded that people may have a positive bias toward changing their minds in directions most likely to be SWB enhancing List three behavioural interventions that might be used in cognitive-behavioural therapy, explain the theoretical rationale for using these techniques and explain how they might operate to facilitate client change Cognitive behavioural therapy is a key treatment in overcoming, anxieties, addictions and phobias. It is increasingly used by clinicians as an empirically valid way to treat clients, by focusing on the problem in the here and now. Instead of investigating the past as a cause of these problems rather it looks for ways to improve your state of mind now, for this reason it is becoming more popular in the therapeutic world. Furthermore behavioural interventions are seen as core aspects of CBT and are seen as vital to assist the client in reducing the frequency as well as eliminating any unwanted or maladaptive behaviours. There are various forms of behavioural intervention and the one used will depend on the circumstances of the client. One key behavioural intervention is, Systematic Desensitisation which was introduced by Wople (1958) this is a therapeutic intervention which focuses its attention on the process of relaxation in overcoming phobias and anxiety disorders. It aims to reduce the link between the distressing situation/object and the subsequent feeling of anxiety which can be inhibiting to the clients ability to function and manage there everyday life. The process involves substituting the previous response to a feared stimulus for example public speaking with a contradictory message, such as relaxation which is introduced by the therapist step by step. Over time this will lead to the positive reactions to the situation therefore diminishing or hopefully eradicating the negative responses all together This behavior modification technique of systematic desensitization, which is founded on the principles of classical conditioning, can be used to facilitate client change in some of the most common fears such as public speaking. In this situation the therapist can facilitate change by introducing the client to three key techniques. The initial process will involve progressive relaxation training , a technique initially perfected by Edmund Jacobson during the 1930s. The next stage would involve the client ordering anxiety provoking situations into a hierarchy ranging from very anxiety provoking i.e performing in a theatre, to low anxiety provoking i.e performing to one person. The client can thus move through the hierachy by pairing the activity with the relaxation techniques learned previously. Thus, a gradual desensitization occurs, with relaxation replacing alarm. Another behavioral intervention which is implemented by therapists as well as teachers and trainers is social skills training (SST) used to help those who have difficulties relating to other people. This is a key process in improving peoples well being, a person who lacks these essential social skills can have great difficulty when communicating in everyday life this can lead to social isolation. It is in these situations when Social skills training can become an essential behavioral intervention. The therapist begins by dismantling these complex social behaviors into manageable chunks. In order of difficulty, and then to gradually introduce them to the patients, so they can learn in a manageable way the social skills required to become more integrated into society. How the specific behaviour  intervention you describe e.g. a behavioural experiment, systematic desensitisation  would be seen by a behaviourist therapist as helpful in bringing about a change in  the clients behaviour i.e. what are the processes and mechanisms thought to be  involved? Social skills training is a process which focuses on teaching the patients ways to avoid those social situation which may affect there behavior in a negative way for example for an alcoholic it is important to establish the behavior for drinking at parties where alcohol is served, or when they find themselves in other situations in which others may pressure them to drink. The SST would view the This can be very influential as part of the process of preventing the alcoholic from continuing with such behavior. A key behavioral intervention involves Reinforcement techniques focusing on operant conditioning It is theorized therefore that human behaviour is both learned and governed by its antecedents and its consequences. Simply put, children are more likely to learn and retain behaviours for which they receive positive reinforcement (reward) and are less likely to learn The first process in being able to facilitate client change is to carry out a functional analysis in order to understand which conditions are responsible for maintaining the behaviour, why and when the behaviour occurs This is a process in which the therapist is required to carry out a detailed assessment which can identify the complex patterns of behaviour which are involved in the behaviour which needs to be solved Functional assessments are used to identify the most powerful reinforcement, after these have been established the therapist can then intervenes to assist client in changing these conditions Interventions are designed to achieve long term, generalised behaviour change in target and related skill areas (McGahan, 2001). The aim is to modify reinforcement schedules to increase the desired behaviour and decrease the undesired behaviour These behavioural interventions are useful ways to prevent the persistence of negative behaviours within cognitive behavioural therapy in an ethical way unlike those interventions such as aversion therapy.

Effects of divorce :: essays research papers

Each year, over 1 million American children suffer the divorce of their parents; moreover, half of the children born this year to parents who are married will see their parents divorce before they turn 18. Mounting evidence in social science journals demonstrates that the devastating physical, emotional, and financial effects that divorce is having on these children will last well into adulthood and affect future generations. Among these broad and damaging effects are the following: †¢ Children whose parents have divorced are increasingly the victims of abuse. They exhibit more health, behavioral, and emotional problems, are involved more frequently in crime and drug abuse, and have higher rates of suicide. †¢ Children of divorced parents perform more poorly in reading, spelling, and math. They also are more likely to repeat a grade and to have higher drop-out rates and lower rates of college graduation. †¢ Families with children that were not poor before the divorce see their income drop as much as 50 percent. Almost 50 percent of the parents with children that are going through a divorce move into poverty after the divorce. †¢ Religious worship, which has been linked to better health, longer marriages, and better family life, drops after the parents divorce. The divorce of parents, even if it is amicable, tears apart the fundamental unit of American society. Today, according to the Federal Reserve Board's 1995 Survey of Consumer Finance, only 42 percent of children aged 14 to 18 live in a "first marriage" family--an intact two-parent married family. It should be no surprise to find that divorce is having such profound effects on society. Restoring the importance of marriage to society and the welfare of children will require politicians and civic leaders to make this one of their most important tasks. It also will require a modest commitment of resources to pro-marriage programs. Fiscal conservatives should realize that federal and state governments spend $150 billion per year to subsidize and sustain single-parent families.

Martin Luther King Memorial in Yerba Buena Gardens Essay

Situated on the corner of 4th St. and Mission St., in downtown San Francisco is Yerba Buena Gardens. Sounds from the hustle and bustle of cars driving and people walking permeate Yerba Buena Gardens, except in one particular location. In one corner of the gardens stands a Martin Luther King Jr. memorial. The memorial is breathtakingly beautiful with a fifty foot high and twenty foot wide waterfall that falls over Sierra granite. In the Memorial’s hallway, visitors read quotes from Dr. King himself that are engraved on glass panels and set in granite. The physical beauty of the memorial is undeniable, however many people are not aware of the symbolism lying beneath the memorial’s surface. The memorial’s waterfall symbolizes the realization of Dr. King’s dreams the realization of Dr. King’s dream, the tears shed by millions and of the voices of African Americas The memorial also reminds us of the oppressed African Americans whose voices were drowned out ignored; yet, it is apparent that society was pushed backwards in the race to equality with the mandatory evacuation of thousands of people due to the development of the Yerba Buena Gardens. King Jr. dreamt that all human beings, regardless of skin color, will one day be able to live in a completely free, just, and non-discriminatory society. It was his dream of an equal society that pushed Martin Luther King Jr. to become an advocate for universal suffrage. Even though the United States already had universal suffrage, unfair literacy tests and poll taxes plagued the voting process and disqualified nearly all impoverished African Americans from voting 1. King wanted a colorblind society; a society where all human beings are treated equally and respectfully and given the same personal liberties and political freedom. Martin Luther King argued, in his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, that â€Å"we are not satisfied until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream† 2. This quote from Dr. King’s speech is inscribed on the right end wall of the memorial. After reading the final inscribed quote, it is apparent that the purpose of the waterfall is to signify the realization of Martin Luther King’s dream of a just society. Justice , The United States Martin Luther King’s dream of justice in today’s society; a monumental victory of justice over prejudice. It is so easy to forget about what it took for America to become a truly free and nondiscriminatory nation. The mists are a necessary reminder for people in today’s society that personal liberty and political freedom should never be taken for granted. Though Yerba Buena Gardens is situated in downtown San Francisco, a busy city filled with loud noises, the memorial itself is peculiarly quiet and calm. The memorial’s serenity is due to the overpowering, yet surprisingly tranquil sound of the rushing water from the waterfall. The power of the waterfall to drown out all exterior noise is phenomenal. It is impossible to even hear what someone is saying when they are right next to you. Visitors try to overcome the sound of the rushing water by screaming or whistling, but are unsuccessful. Independent from life’s distractions, visitors are given the opportunity to absorb all that the memorial and Dr. King’s words have to offer. Visitors can take this time to self-reflect and to appreciate the efforts of earlier generations fighting for equality during our nation’s infancy. The undeniable strength of the waterfall’s sound to obscure all external noise makes Being incapable of expressing feelings or thou ghts leaves an unfamiliar and dreadful sensation. People living in today’s society are usually ignorant to this unfamiliar, almost claustrophobic feeling of screaming at the top of your lungs without a single person acknowledging your frustrations. During our nation’s history, however, nearly all African Americans struggled with this same frustration. Helpless against the white minority, blacks throughout history struggled to get their concerns addressed and their votes counted. The visitor’s inability to communicate vocally is short-lived and fortunately, only lasts as long as it takes for the person to walk through the memorial. African Americans, however, were plagued with powerlessness for hundreds of years. Martin Luther King Jr. felt obliged to provide a voice for all African Americans stripped of the right to do so on their own. Due to the hard work of Martin Luther King, civil rights leaders and activists, and President Johnson, on August 6, 1965 the Voting Rights Act was signed into law, which banned the use of literacy tests and also required stricter monitoring of the use of poll taxes in state and local elections† 3. Finally, the time had come when African Americans could voice their opinions and have them be heard, and vote for the political constituent whom carried similar beliefs and morals. The development of the Yerba Buena Gardens, as part of the â€Å"Urban Renewal Project† was not always considered to be something positive and beneficial. During the 1950’s, city planners forced thousands of people living in the South of Market area out of their homes, arguing that the area was â€Å"dangerous ‘Skid Row’ ripe for redevelopment, populated by â€Å"bums† and â€Å"transients† whose fate mattered little† 4. City planners left out the important fact that many people who lived in this area were elderly and poor and had â€Å"little defense against the federal bulldozer† 5. The city did try and relocate as many people as possible, but only had 276 units of new housing to replace thousands of demolished units. Thousands were left homeless and kicked out of possibly the only home they have ever known and will ever know, due to lack of job skills needed to find employment. The irony of placing a Martin Luther King Jr. memorial, a man who advocated for equality and justice until his assassination, on land where thousands of impoverished people were evicted just a couple years earli er, is almost too horrific to comprehend. The hypocrisy in the decision to place this memorial at the Yerba Buena Gardens is undeniable and unforgiveable. The memorial’s waterfall is a reminder of the relentless adversity that plagued millions of blacks for thousands of years and the tears they shed. The waterfall also symbolizes the realization of Dr. King’s dream. The eviction methods used during the Urban Renewal period to obtain the land where the memorial sits were ethically questionable, however it is still important to visit this monument from time to time. The memorial stands there in the middle of Yerba Buena Gardens, in the middle of downtown San Francisco, as a silent, yet constant reminder to never take anything for granted and to always remember the blood, sweat, and tears shed by millions in order for people today to enjoy and exercise the complete personal liberty and political freedom that we are so fortunately blessed with.

elBulli Group Essay

1. a.Which elements of the elBulli experience create value for clients? The entire elBulli experience is valuable to the restaurant’s clients. The time and creativity the staff and chefs put into the elBulli experience make the customers feel valued. The elBulli dining experience is a unique and exclusive experience for customers. Customer’s feel that their time is well spent due to the quality of their dining experience at the restaurant. elBulli makes the customer feel sincerely appreciated by giving them at tour of the restaurant before their dining experience. â€Å"Upon arriving, patrons were greeted by the staff and taken on a tour of the kitchen in order to showcase the unusual equipment and innovative techniques used at elBulli. One patron—who described AdriaÌ€ as â€Å"Willy Wonka†Ã¢â‚¬â€wrote, â€Å"Lab-like and full of stainless steel; it was immaculate,† and went on to say that he â€Å"watched in awe as gourmet oompa loompas dilig ently prepared a dizzying array of dishes (Norton, 2009).† b. How does the elBulli example illustrate the difference between listening to customers and understanding customers? what does this distinction have to do with fostering continuous innovation in an organization? The elBulli team understood the importance of implementing the changes that meet customer expectation. They understood that it was important to customers to have new recipes each year. This is what keeps the customers satisfied and returning to elBulli despite the two-year wait for a reservation. Listening to customers does not always cause an action on the part of a company. The distinction between listening and understanding customers is what brings the company to action when considering new innovative ideas. 2. What are the most salient features of the creative process (continuous innovation) at elBulli? Chef Ferran Adria revolutionized elBulli into one of the top restaurants in the world by introducing his innovative philosophy that evolved from the simple question, â€Å"What is creativity?† The answer according to Chef Jacques Maximim, â€Å"To create is not to copy†, was simple yet had a profound impact on Adria. Adrian continually sought new techniques and new equipment to focus on the five senses to create dishes to make people think and feel when eating. His near-scientific approaches to the transformation of food gained popularity as an international movement referred to as â€Å"Molecular Gastronomy.† The innovation continued with the opening of an â€Å"R&D laboratory†, called El Taller. During the off season when elBulli was closed, Adria and his team devoted time to creating a full set of completely new recipes that were to be used the next year. The idea was the product of creativity; develop recipes, use them for one season and then discard them never to be used again. Adria found it to be crucial to the creative process at elBulli: â€Å"Everything at elBulli needs to be renewed for the next year. Imagine Pepsico having to renew its entire product line for next year . . . More techniques and concepts have been developed at elBulli over the past 15 years than in the world over the past century.† The creative process of developing new recipes and never using them again opened the door for one of Adria’s â€Å"side projects†. A General Catalog was developed to document all recipes from the previous year. The catalog gave a date and number for each recipe, Adria considered this a yearly â€Å"internal audit† of the creative process. Publishing his catalog served three purposes. First, it ensured he received proper credit for new creations. Second, it allowed the team to track trends in innovation. Third, it generated revenue. Overall, Chef Ferran Adria is one of the most creative minds in the restaurant business. His innovative work has revolutionized the industry and will forever be used as an example of how unique approaches to creativity can spawn international movements.

Statement of the Problem Essays

Statement of the Problem Essays Statement of the Problem Essay Statement of the Problem Essay Statement of the Problem Dry. Jamie Goethe, Director of the Office of Professional Services and Educator Licensing for CEDE, stated that she is not impressed with the induction programs for principals in our state. She has been in direct contact with both the Colorado Educations Association (CAE) and the Colorado Association of Superintendents of Education (CASE) about proposing a clean-up bill for induction programs and then to review the Educator Licensing rules and bring them into line with the state statute. She added that she feels that the reason for As not being impressive is due to the lack of clarity in the state statute and state rule. She does agree that with the revision to the template/forms for applying for an approval of an induction program are very clear regarding the expectations (Dry. Jamie Goethe, personal communication, August 1, 2008). I feel that the expectations are lacking on both ends of the spectrum and the non-negotiable accountability piece needs to be in place and conducted with reliability, faithfulness and consistency across the state of Colorado. Purpose of the Study The primary purpose of this study is to examine six state approved induction programs for principal/administrators in Colorado and to determine if the school districts policies are comprehensive in complying with the Colorado Department of Educations, (CEDE), program induction guidelines. The CEDE s guidelines and protocol for the principal and/or administrator induction program are very detailed and laid out for school districts to follow if they have been selected as a site induction program(lap) in their respective districts. The State Board of Education and Colorado Department of Education are in place to provide guidance and direction for local school districts on statewide induction programs. If implemented with fidelity as set by the CEDE and SUB, principals should have a good understanding and stable foundation from which they can perform their duties at a proficient and confident level of experience and knowledge. Principals and administrators initial licenses are valid only in Colorado school districts which provide approved induction programs, unless the school district has applied for and obtained a waiver of the induction program requirements per the Educator Licensing Act of 1991. CEDE has set policy guidelines that are suggested to be implemented in each approved school districts induction program. The induction programs for principals and administrators are and shall be designed to meet four proposed purposes: Orientation; Colonization and Transition; Technical skill development; and continuous formative assessments. The indicators that are outlined in the CEDE Induction Program Policy consist of enters, the selection and training of mentors, the matching of mentors to menthes, the professional development plans, and both the professional and program evaluations of the approved school districts induction program. The scope of this study will focus on those components listed above of the districts administration induction program policies. Policies can improve schools only if the people in them are armed with the knowledge, skills, and supports they need (National Commission on Teaching and Americas Future, 1996, p. 5).

I.T. Project Risk Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

I.T. Project Risk Management - Research Proposal Example California Technology Agency (2011) asserts that most of the business managers are not privy of the magnitude IT-related risks in projects management a firm will be exposed. Most of these managers are only able to learn the value of IT-related risks after they have computed the amount of damage the risk has brought about. According to Leong California Technology Agency, (2011) past research studies have primarily been concerned with how effective IT-related risks may be analyzed and compensated for. Therefore, it would be imperative for IT managers constantly to embrace the holistic view of IT project risk management rather than just focusing only on financial issues. There exist little empirical research studies showing the correct way of handling the management of the IT-related projects risks during the launching of the project. Though a myriad of studies have been done in regards to I.T project risk management, (California Technology Agency, 2011, Haney, 2009, Talet, Zin &Houari, 2014, & Texas Tech University, n.d), there is still little empirical research on how effective IT risk management can be handled at the time of executing projects. In this paper, I will attempt to develop a typology of effective strategies that will guide managers to develop specific plans meant to control risk IT

Authentic Assessments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Authentic Assessments - Essay Example Authentic assessment is the product of a reform in education. This shift is to make standardized testing less drill oriented and applicable to what is expected will be necessary in the students' adult life. These tests hold students to higher standards as well as create a growing body of accurate awareness pertaining to student learning. This way the teacher learns from the student as well. The key argument these test pose is that for the traditional testing method, the right answers are not rationales. This basically acknowledges that the level of logic required for traditional standardized tests is lacking. This is due to a relationship that involves test takers who simply cram for their tests, and instructors who feel the tests have no relevance to their teaching ability. This is a common occurrence that has resulted in resentment for traditional standardized testing on the behalf of both parties involved. Authentic assessment is a genuine push towards the implementation of more authentic tasks. Instructors find it easier to apply these tasks to their curriculum and students find it easier to assess what is expected of them. It is considered a form of improving overall performance, in a testing system traditionally structured solely to monitor it. Authentic assessment applied to math and science addresses the notion among educators that this curriculum is designed to assist students in solving everyday problems like, civic affairs, jobs and professions. To do this less computation must be emphasized and these curriculums must focus more on the analytical. When I was younger, and my grades were starting to slip in math, my father required me to make calendars as a punishment until I was able to improve. Initially, I thought this would be an easy task, but he required that every square have equal length and width, and that all lines on each page be equal in length from one another. This served two purposes; it taught me that everything in the world around me can be weighed and measured. It also taught me the value of organization. The process of using mathematical tools like protractors, rulers and calculators, along with my own thinking and reasoning, incited me to be enthusiastic towards math. This is the perfect example of a pplying math to the student's surroundings. This is the type of authentic assessment I would apply to a middle school math or science curriculum. It doesn't have to be something as bland and mundane as creating calendars, but my task will be inherently applicable to the student's daily living routine. My student evaluations would consist of open ended questions that require mathematical awareness to produce solutions. For example, The Shoe Thief Puzzle A person went into a shop to buy a pair of shoes. The person chose a pair which were reduced to their cost price of $12, and gave the shopkeeper a $20 note. The shopkeeper didn't have any change, so he took the $20 note next door to his friend the restaurant owner to get some. He returned to his shop and gave the shopper $8 change. The shopper then departed. A few minutes later the restaurant owner stormed into the shop shouting "that $20 note that you gave me is a forgery". The shopkeeper took back the forged note and gave the restaurant owner a new and genuine $20 note. How much has the shopkeeper lost on the transaction, explain the cash movements, and show two methods of calculating